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In April, sixteen neuroscientists specializing in nutrition, chemistry, and child development discussed and debated the influence of early experience on brain development at the UNICEF offices in New York.  In her blog, Pia Britto, UNICEF's Senior Advisor on Early Childhood Development, reported that 3 messages were delivered to UNICEF from this meeting.  One of the messages was "Early Intervention is the answer: it becomes progressively harder to fix problems":

"Brain development occurs shortly after conception and progresses at a very rapid pace in the first few years of life, where neurons form new connections at the astounding rate of 700-1,000 per second.  These early synaptic connections form the basis of a person's lifelong capacity to learn, adapt to change, have resilience in case of unexpected circumstances, as well physical and mental health.  While brain development can continue through life, it is most rapid before birth and through the early childhood period of life.  As the brain develops the amount of neurons and synapses peak, and then go through a process of pruning and specialization.

"When our brain fails to get what it expects and needs, especially in certain critical or sensitive time periods, then the amount of effort required to set it back on track is enormous and optimal outcomes are less likely.  For example, in the case of care and early stimulation, Charles Nelson’s research from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP), has shown that when the placement of a child into a family (or 'placement into high-quality foster care') occurred before two years of age, children more closely resembled typically developing children, but  when placement occurred after 24 months, then placement into a family did not create positive outcomes."

Ellen Galinsky provides research-based advice for parents and teachers on how to raise their children to be well rounded and achieve their full potential — learning to take on life’s challenges, communicating well with others, and remaining committed to learning.

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