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Academic or Intellectual
September 13, 2010
Recognizing and respecting the wisdom of children can be a powerful force in fostering their holistic development.
-Ruth Wilson, educator and author

In the book developed at the Working Forum for Teacher Educators in Auckland, New Zealand, Conversations on Early Childhood Teacher Education, Lilian Katz discussed her concerns about the distinction between academic and intellectual goals for the education of young children….

“During the last few decades in several countries there has been increasing pressure on preschool programs to introduce children to basic literacy and numeracy skills, commonly referred to as academic instruction.  Furthermore, increasing emphasis on testing children has intensified the pressure on preschool programs to prepare children for subsequent schooling, pushing down earlier and earlier what probably should not even be done later.  In other words, academic goals are those focused on getting children ready for formal school-related skills and exercises.  These are the kinds of things that can be correct or incorrect.  The children must attend to the teacher to memorize the correct answers and correct behaviors and skills.  These are also activities and skills that must be practiced with exercises, for example, learning the alphabet, capital or lower case letters, handwriting, or the rules of punctuation.

“Nobody argues against such learning — ultimately.  But there are many arguments, at least in some countries, about at what ages such instruction should be introduced.  There are several important things to consider about when is the best time to learn them, as well as about the best ways to learn them.  The evidence that we do have — and we certainly need more — is that earlier mastery of academic skills is not necessarily better, especially for boys....

“On the other hand, intellectual goals refer to children’s inborn dispositions to make sense of their experience, to theorize, analyze, synthesize, predict, hypothesize, and try to understand cause-effect relationships, and other similar activities of the mind.  It is for this reason that I suggest that young children should be involved in investigations in which their growing active minds can be fully engaged.

“... I have observed over and over again that young children who are intellectually engaged in worthwhile investigations, begin to ask for help in using academic skills — for example, writing and counting, in the service of their intellectual goals.”





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Comments (5)

Displaying All 5 Comments
Cassandra Fraley · September 14, 2010
Tucson, AZ, United States


I strongly agree with this article and wish that the leaders in public education in Arizona could be educated to this view point. We are going backwards in our methods and losing more and more children. As Arizona goes lower and lower in the state ratings. But the people "in charge" are not educators and don't seem to know or care what are the best practices for our children. Thank you for this article.

Gwen Morgan · September 14, 2010
Wheelock College
Boston, MA , United States


At last an excellent description of what we should and should not be doing to young children. I would add that there are curricula for reading, math, science, art, and other "subjects" that follow the developmental arc of children's pursuit of these topics, and capitalize on the innate energy children put into learning these subjects, although they do it simultaneously for each of these topics. Good teachers can perceive these arcs and
fit their
teaching into an appropriate pre-K to college set of standards.

Ed Miller · September 13, 2010
Alliance for Childhood
New York, NY, United States


The link to the NYTimes piece in my comment below isn't right. I'll try again: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/12/weekinreview/12rosenthal.html.

Nirmal Kumar Ghosh · September 13, 2010
Shishu Vikash Kendra
Kolkata, West Bengal, India


Early childhood is the time to imitate the activities of adults and they learn
by practice . To increase their intellectual ideas we need academic help .

Ed Miller · September 13, 2010
Alliance for Childhood
New York, NY, United States


Lilian Katz's wise perspective on the distinction between academic and intellectual goals was sadly missing from Elisabeth Rosenthal's appalling essay, "Testing, the Chinese Way," in the Sept. 12 New York Times, which argues for a massive increase in the testing of young children on basic academic skills. (Here's a link: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/12/weekinreview/12rosenthal.html.) The Times article panders to widespread fear that we are falling behind the Chinese, but does not mention recent reports that the Chinese themselves are rapidly moving away from the drill and testing model of education.



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