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The Mozart Effect
September 26, 2011
The heart of anti-bias education is a vision of a world in which all children and families can become successful, contributing members of their society.
-Louise Derman-Sparks, Debbie LeeKeenan and John Nimmo
In October 1993, Nature magazine published an article by Frances Rauscher, Gordon Shaw, and Katherine Ky about their study in which subjects who listened to 10 minutes of a Mozart sonata prior to taking IQ tests added 9 points to their IQ scores.  This research spawned a veritable industry of Mozart products for infants and toddlers (even though the research was performed on college students).  Most famous was the Disney Baby Einstein products.

According to The Invisible Gorilla And Other Ways Our Intuitions Deceive Us (New York: Crown Publishers, 2010) even though dozens of subsequent tests repudiated this research, public fascination with the notion that playing classical music to babies would increase their IQs continued.  Finally, in 2007 researchers at the University of Washington surveyed parents of infants and toddlers in Washington and Montana and found that for infants, each additional hour per day spent watching baby DVDs was associated with an 8 percent reduction in vocabulary, and for toddlers, there was no significant relationship between DVD viewing and vocabulary size.





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Comments (7)

Displaying 5 of 7 Comments   [ View all ]
Joel Gordon · September 26, 2011
Santa Rosa , Californai, United States


So does this mean that just because I listen to Jennifer Lopez sing my butt won't be nicer?

srt · September 26, 2011
United States


Gordon Shaw & co-researchers conducted the original research with college students, not young children, and they never claimed otherwise. Also, the tasks that were measured after subjects listened to Mozart were very specific (I think it was related to visual-spatial skills). The researchers never claimed anything about young children at all- their findings were kind of hijacked by the press (who coined the term, "Mozart Effect"), and then Don Campbell copyrighted the term and in 1997 wrote a book with the same name. I've always felt bad for the original researchers, as they are not at fault for the way their work was taken out of context and overgeneralized. At one point they were going to conduct research specifically with young children (a joint project with the assistance of Parents As Teachers in Missouri) but I don't know if it ever came to pass. It's a shame how consumers have been tricked by people trying to capitalize on the "Mozart Effect" hype- the money spent on related items each year is staggering. The benefits of developmentally appropriate music experiences for young children cannot be denied, but just listening to Mozart (or any other classical composer) will not "make them smarter."

Terry Kelly · September 26, 2011
Spirit Child Yoga and ECE
Aurora, ON, Canada


Yeah! Keep printing this. This is a huge misconception. And maybe have a look at what was published recently in the Boston Globe about little ones and touch screens!

Kayren Woolum · September 26, 2011
Northwestern OHio Community Action Commission
Defiance, Ohio, United States


It is amazing to me that the research has been misinterpreted. I, too, have worked in the field of music in early childhood and there is more research to support on-going, good music curriculum for young children than for promoting listening to Mozart. It doesn't mean we should stop listening - because exposure to a variety of musical styles is good- but it will not increase intelligence!

Phyllis Jones · September 26, 2011
Northvale, NJ, United States


I question this mini excerpt as included in today’s Exchange Every Day offering. Yes, DVD watching has been found to be detrimental. This is understandable. DVD watching is primarily a passive activity, non interactive, and impersonal to note a few obvious problems. Listening to music is not the same thing and this is like comparing apples with oranges. I believe the author should look further into research done on the relationship between exposure to classical music and overall learning. Also review some of Howard Gardner's work.
I do agree one must go beyond listening to a brief musical composition with an expectation that this is a recipe for educational success. Reflecting on the content of music that young children are exposed to each day, should receive further examination.



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