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Controversy About Formal Education
September 27, 2007
We are all so deeply connected; we have no option but to love all.
-Amit Ray
The ExchangeEveryDay message of September 21 raised many questions and concerns. Our report was based on a third party summary of the study, “Teachers’ Education, Classroom Quality, and Young Children’s Academic Skills,” reported in Child Development (March/April 2007). To clarify matters, we decided to go to the original Child Development article. You can purchase this entire article (for $29) here. Two excerpts from the article…

“In an effort to provide high-quality preschool education, policymakers are increasingly requiring public preschool teachers to have at least a Bachelor's degree, preferably in early childhood education. Seven major studies of early care and education were used to predict classroom quality and children's academic outcomes from the educational attainment and major of teachers of 4-year-olds. The findings indicate largely null or contradictory associations, indicating that policies focused solely on increasing teachers' education will not suffice for improving classroom quality or maximizing children's academic gains. Instead, raising the effectiveness of early childhood education likely will require a broad range of professional development activities and supports targeted toward teachers' interactions with children...."

“Using seven recent, major studies of classroom-based educational programs for 4-year-olds, these analyses, taken together, do not provide convincing evidence of an association between teachers' education or major and either classroom quality or children's academic gains. Most of the analyses yielded null findings. Although there were some statistically significant associations, no clear pattern emerged. For instance, two of the studies indicated that quality was higher when the teacher had a Bachelor's degree or more, one study indicated that quality was lower when the teacher had a Bachelor's degree or more, and four studies found no association. Although the quick �" and incorrect �" conclusion might be that anybody can effectively teach preschool, we believe that the results from this study must be interpreted cautiously and that they raise more questions than answers.”

Note: An alert reader from North Carolina also sent along a report "Why the Education of Early Childhood Teachers Matters."





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Comments (12)

Displaying 5 of 12 Comments   [ View all ]
gregory uba · October 01, 2007
connections for children and bcaeyc
santa monica, california, United States



i think the most likely correlation between teacher "training" and quality was missed entirely by the researchers...
from my experience, formal education correlates far less with quality than "ongoing professional development"... in other words, teachers with less formal education that may, however, participate regularly in professional development opportunities, workshops, professional conferences, etc, are far more likely to remain current and abreast of best practices as compared to more highly educated colleagues that do not participate in professional development opportunities, or who participate only in highly limited, defined, proscribed or scripted trainings.
teachers that participate in NAEYC, NAFCC, or other professional conferences and workshops demonstrate a commitment to children beyond degrees, age-of-child considerations, and societal status. in california, although Title 5 programs have more stringent professional development requirements, it is actually in the Title 22 programs that teachers actively seek out for themselves professional development opportunities.
in fact, at workshops that i have presented to, it is often the "better educated" teachers that resist progressive strategies. "we have to follow the curriculum", is what i often hear.
researchers would do well to consider non-formal learning opportunities when researching quality outcomes in early care and education studies. i dare say they will be surprised by what they discover, and what we in the classroom already recognize about ourselves.
gregory uba
beach cities association for the education of young children - president and public policy chair
region public policy representative for the california association for the education of young children

charity inechi · September 30, 2007
child to child
Bida, Niger\\North Central, Nigeria


In as much as higher education may not guaranty quality education when it comes to preschool, teacher education should not be over looked. Ignorance is very expensive.It is true that it takes more than higher education to teach preschoolers. It will be very good to consider other variables such as interest, teacher's readiness/preparedness, leve of motivation and love of children and dsegree of patience/tolerance besides teacher's level of education.

Vernon Mason, Jr. · September 28, 2007
WEE SCHOOL Child Development Centers
Wilson, NC, United States


I was not surprised to see there is not a concrete path between teacher education and a quality classroom. I am a director of a large “5 star” center in NC. I was in the “Regs and Stds Task Group” that developed the Why the Education of Early Childhood Teachers Matters“attachment used in your article. An important note is that a percentage of task group did not agree with the position statement. For the following reasons:

1. I see no difference between my staff that are degreed and non-degreed.
2. What matters is enthusiasm and genuine care for children.
3. In NC our rated license includes an outside independent assessment of the classrooms and the degreed teachers are NOT getting higher scores than the non-degreed teachers. At times, lower scores for the degreed staff.
4. The degreed staff can have the opinion that they are educated and know what to do, thus turning a blind eye to suggestions.

I think I should mention that I believe in education. I have a Masters Degree in Early Childhood, but my practical hands on experience prove to me that what counts is the enthusiasm, training and supervision of staff and not education!

ANN BRINSON · September 28, 2007
Brinsons Group Daycare
Auguast, Ga., United States


My center provides carre for children 4 and under. Ga. has a lottery funded pre-k4 program. I do not object to education I comend those who further their education. I am 62 years old and have been awarded local, state and natiional recognition in the field of childcare. I do not have a BA and I love my work with children and have studied and read on my own. I have been to many trainings and conferences dealing with childcare. I was not given the opportunity to get a degree. I feel that each person as an individual should be looked at on their own merit. Children do not begin life at age 4. What comes before is just as important if not more so than formal school education. Giveing children the opportunities to learn from birth in and safe, clean, loving environment sets up the rest of thier learning experience. Please do not forget about the educators for under 4. Sometimes formal education is not available or affordable to child care providers in the home. We have to be in the work place during school hours. Online courses should be set up for those of us who would like to further out education and get that piece of paper that so many people feel is so important. If uou do not have that diploma you are considered unprofessional and looked down upon. I feel I am truly a professional provider of children, families and community as a mentor. Studies are wonderful, but where do they rreceive this info. How many people are they surveying. Are the parents of these children involved in the results. I have never been asked to participate in a survey of this kind. Thanks for giving me the opportunity to express my opinion. by the wey My family has 7 educations at different levels of education from pre school to adult education. I had most of them in my care as children. All but one has a Masters or Doctorate and one is in the process of her specialist degree. Ann Brinson

Steve Barnett · September 27, 2007
New Brunswick, NJ, United States


The authors of the Child Development paper CCIE has featured are forthright in saying that "the results from this study must be interpreted cautiously and that they raise more questions than answers." Every study has limitations and this particular study is trying to do something that is very difficult, estimate a causal model, or educational production function, for a process about which a great deal is unknown. That said, I would add a few things to the authors' caveat.

1. A simple statistical test of the number of associations between a BA and child outcomes that are positive rejects the hypothesis that there is no association. In other words it is highly unlikely that the number of positive associations found across the 7 data sets in this paper would be found by chance. Thus, the overall evidence from this paper is not as negative as the authors indicate and actually contradicts the view that this paper shows "no association" between the teacher having a BA and children’s learning.

2. There are many ways to fail to find an association. The approach used in this study frequently fails to find associations between just about any program characteristic and child outcomes. This may say more about the limitations of education production functions than about programs. Note that this study reports no association at all between education and observed quality or child outcomes. If one concluded from it that a BA was not of value, one would have to conclude similarly that no education at all beyond a high school diploma or GED was of value for preschool teachers.

3. A quantitative review of the larger literature finds that the average effect of a BA on quality and child outcomes is small, but that very large effects tend to be limited to programs where teachers have a BA. This suggests that higher levels of teacher education are necessary, but not sufficient, for highly effective preschool education. Such a conclusion is not really at odds with what the authors of the Child Development paper conclude:
A working paper is available at:
http://nieer.org/docs/index.php?DocID=4



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