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How Institutional Are You?
September 30, 2008
Look at how a single candle can both defy and define the darkness.
-Anne Frank
In his Exchange article, "Places for Childhoods: How Institutional Are YOU?" Jim Greenman challenges us to look closely at the environments we have created in our centers. The introduction and conclusion of this article are excerpted below. You can read the entire article in the Exchange Ideas for You — FREE section on our web site.

"The notion that we are institutionalizing children in child care is not one that we like to hear. After all, we child care professionals are the good guys. We love children, childhood, primary colors, and cookies. And yet, there is not another appropriate term for what we are doing. A child care center or home is an institution — a formal, established organization. It is the connotation we find hard to take: institutionalize conjures up, well, institutions, particularly those that sociologists call total institutions (asylums, hospitals, prisons, some schools) — places where uniformity, order, and rules are the primary values....

"Total institutions arise not because of evil or ignorance, but out of legitimate concerns for order, smooth, standard operations, and the well being of the inhabitants as a group. They become mindless as they lose sight of the individual and the real goals, the end goals, as they concentrate on the means. Order takes precedence over mental health in asylums, education in schools, rehabilitation in prisons, and childhood in those child care centers that fit the description.

"Childhood depends on some precious formula of freedom and mess. Until institutionalized through child care, children in the most structured homes could usually break through the concrete web of good intentions and find the cracks, alive with possibilities for movement, exploration, and discovery — in the room, under the bed, in the back yard, on the stoop, alone or with friends. These were times when adult sanctions were weakened, allowing exploration of forbidden words with delicious hard consonant syllables and intriguing substances. These were times when space opened up rather than contained; and jumps, shouts, and giggles pierced the air. More centers can have the same feel by being alert to the dehumanizing tendencies that are ever-present."



This week these two popular books by Jim Greenman are on sale at a 20% discount:

Caring Spaces, Learning Places: Children’s Environments That Work
— A book of ideas, observations, problems, solutions, examples, resources, photographs, and poetry. Here you will find best of current thinking about children's environments — 360 pages to challenge you, stimulate you, inspire you.

Places for Childhoods: Making Quality Happen in the Real World — This exceptional book demonstrates how centers can face real-world challenges and make quality care a reality. Special selections authored by recognized child care experts enhance this collection of updated articles written by Jim Greenman.

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Comments (5)

Displaying All 5 Comments
David Verbeck · September 30, 2008
Grassroots Playscapes
Honolulu, HI, United States


I once worked for a food bank in NYC where the director during podium speeches would declare that her job was to put them out of business. I did not believe it then and find it resonates with this issue of institutional forms of care in my work to improve outdoor facilities in preschools.
As I struggle to compete with restrictive outdoor schedules, rubber paved grounds with cold steel structures, and staff that would rather play with rules than possibilities - I often wonder if we can get past the institutions we have created. There is a basic acceptance that this is the way things are so we might as well get use to it rather than challenge a system that employers, parents, staff and children have become dependent upon. To rock the boat is to risk losing income, professional status, or even your own drive to instigate change when you find yourself without a common cause.
I basically have to accept that children will be introduced to the world through the confines of a preschool. I try to make a difference by making their outdoor experience reflect some of the stimuli that they would encounter had they been raised by a functioning community – one where other children dwell, for instance. Our neighborhoods are empty during the day and socialization has become a concept not a natural encounter.

Edna Ranck · September 30, 2008
OMEP-USNC
Washington, DC, United States


These are wonderful insights on the distinctions between institutions - after all, many homes are also institutions as well, based on Jim's definition. Once source of breaking out of institutions is the range of animated films produced by Pixar Animated Studios under the direction of John Lasseter. Watch these films and observe how institutions are established and in what ways the film lead the viewer toward the cracks that lead to increased freedom. "WALL-E," the most recent Pixar film, demonstrates on the space ship exactly what today's EED describes. Go see it in theatres or wait for it on DVD.

Marcia Lieberman · September 30, 2008
Lexington, MA, United States


We say a mouthful when we name these issues around institutionalization. The freedom-structure continuum is seminal in all our lives. Yet we also know how many wonderful advances have come from those who in various ways thwarted the accepted structures; and how much joy in life as well.

In talking with parents, I've called the experiences children have in the creases of adult supervision "benign neglect". Many of our best memories come from these discoveries.

I think there are many aspects driving the child care/early learning industry to homogenize and quantify the lives of young children. They are the same as occurs in the geriatric industry. I don't have the solution, but I welcome early childhood folks holding these issues up to the light.

Cynthia Aldinger · September 30, 2008
LifeWays
Norman, OK, United States


Thank goodness for Jim Greeman speaking out. Anyone interested in centers based on non-institutional, homelike environments is welcomed to check out www.lifeways-center.org.

Tanya Waymire · September 30, 2008
Cypress, Texas, United States


I think that the "institutional" is derived from the pressure of state inspectors, with the mentality that all children are abused until it is proved otherwise. They approach a facility as the authority instead of a friendly team player trying to help to make a preschool better. It makes for nervous directors and inturn nervous employees. This ends up ligitimizing "the puppy pen" facilities that the industry is trying not to be.



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